---
productId: material-ui
title: Circular, Linear progress React components
components: CircularProgress, LinearProgress
githubLabel: 'scope: progress'
materialDesign: https://m2.material.io/components/progress-indicators
githubSource: packages/mui-material/src/LinearProgress
---

# Progress

Progress indicators commonly known as spinners, express an unspecified wait time or display the length of a process.

Progress indicators inform users about the status of ongoing processes, such as loading an app, submitting a form, or saving updates.

- **Determinate** indicators display how long an operation will take.
- **Indeterminate** indicators visualize an unspecified wait time.

The animations of the components rely on CSS as much as possible to work even before the JavaScript is loaded.



## Circular

### Circular indeterminate

```tsx
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';

export default function CircularIndeterminate() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ display: 'flex' }}>
      <CircularProgress />
    </Box>
  );
}

```

### Circular color

```tsx
import Stack from '@mui/material/Stack';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';

export default function CircularColor() {
  return (
    <Stack sx={{ color: 'grey.500' }} spacing={2} direction="row">
      <CircularProgress color="secondary" />
      <CircularProgress color="success" />
      <CircularProgress color="inherit" />
    </Stack>
  );
}

```

### Circular size

```tsx
import Stack from '@mui/material/Stack';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';

export default function CircularSize() {
  return (
    <Stack spacing={2} direction="row" alignItems="center">
      <CircularProgress size="30px" />
      <CircularProgress size={40} />
      <CircularProgress size="3rem" />
    </Stack>
  );
}

```

### Circular determinate

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import Stack from '@mui/material/Stack';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';

export default function CircularDeterminate() {
  const [progress, setProgress] = React.useState(0);

  React.useEffect(() => {
    const timer = setInterval(() => {
      setProgress((prevProgress) => (prevProgress >= 100 ? 0 : prevProgress + 10));
    }, 800);

    return () => {
      clearInterval(timer);
    };
  }, []);

  return (
    <Stack spacing={2} direction="row">
      <CircularProgress variant="determinate" value={25} />
      <CircularProgress variant="determinate" value={50} />
      <CircularProgress variant="determinate" value={75} />
      <CircularProgress variant="determinate" value={100} />
      <CircularProgress variant="determinate" value={progress} />
    </Stack>
  );
}

```

### Circular track

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import Stack from '@mui/material/Stack';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';

export default function CircularEnableTrack() {
  const [progress, setProgress] = React.useState(0);

  React.useEffect(() => {
    const timer = setInterval(() => {
      setProgress((prevProgress) => (prevProgress >= 100 ? 0 : prevProgress + 10));
    }, 800);

    return () => {
      clearInterval(timer);
    };
  }, []);

  return (
    <Stack spacing={2} direction="row">
      <CircularProgress enableTrackSlot size="30px" />
      <CircularProgress enableTrackSlot size={40} />
      <CircularProgress enableTrackSlot size="3rem" />
      <CircularProgress enableTrackSlot variant="determinate" value={70} />
      <CircularProgress
        enableTrackSlot
        variant="determinate"
        color="secondary"
        value={progress}
      />
    </Stack>
  );
}

```

### Interactive integration

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import { green } from '@mui/material/colors';
import Button from '@mui/material/Button';
import Fab from '@mui/material/Fab';
import CheckIcon from '@mui/icons-material/Check';
import SaveIcon from '@mui/icons-material/Save';

export default function CircularIntegration() {
  const [loading, setLoading] = React.useState(false);
  const [success, setSuccess] = React.useState(false);
  const timer = React.useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>(undefined);

  const buttonSx = {
    ...(success && {
      bgcolor: green[500],
      '&:hover': {
        bgcolor: green[700],
      },
    }),
  };

  React.useEffect(() => {
    return () => {
      clearTimeout(timer.current);
    };
  }, []);

  const handleButtonClick = () => {
    if (!loading) {
      setSuccess(false);
      setLoading(true);
      timer.current = setTimeout(() => {
        setSuccess(true);
        setLoading(false);
      }, 2000);
    }
  };

  return (
    <Box sx={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center' }}>
      <Box sx={{ m: 1, position: 'relative' }}>
        <Fab
          aria-label="save"
          color="primary"
          sx={buttonSx}
          onClick={handleButtonClick}
        >
          {success ? <CheckIcon /> : <SaveIcon />}
        </Fab>
        {loading && (
          <CircularProgress
            size={68}
            sx={{
              color: green[500],
              position: 'absolute',
              top: -6,
              left: -6,
              zIndex: 1,
            }}
          />
        )}
      </Box>
      <Box sx={{ m: 1, position: 'relative' }}>
        <Button
          variant="contained"
          sx={buttonSx}
          disabled={loading}
          onClick={handleButtonClick}
        >
          Accept terms
        </Button>
        {loading && (
          <CircularProgress
            size={24}
            sx={{
              color: green[500],
              position: 'absolute',
              top: '50%',
              left: '50%',
              marginTop: '-12px',
              marginLeft: '-12px',
            }}
          />
        )}
      </Box>
    </Box>
  );
}

```

### Circular with label

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import CircularProgress, {
  CircularProgressProps,
} from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import Typography from '@mui/material/Typography';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';

function CircularProgressWithLabel(
  props: CircularProgressProps & { value: number },
) {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ position: 'relative', display: 'inline-flex' }}>
      <CircularProgress variant="determinate" {...props} />
      <Box
        sx={{
          top: 0,
          left: 0,
          bottom: 0,
          right: 0,
          position: 'absolute',
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        <Typography
          variant="caption"
          component="div"
          sx={{ color: 'text.secondary' }}
        >{`${Math.round(props.value)}%`}</Typography>
      </Box>
    </Box>
  );
}

export default function CircularWithValueLabel() {
  const [progress, setProgress] = React.useState(10);

  React.useEffect(() => {
    const timer = setInterval(() => {
      setProgress((prevProgress) => (prevProgress >= 100 ? 0 : prevProgress + 10));
    }, 800);
    return () => {
      clearInterval(timer);
    };
  }, []);

  return <CircularProgressWithLabel value={progress} />;
}

```

## Linear

### Linear indeterminate

```tsx
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import LinearProgress from '@mui/material/LinearProgress';

export default function LinearIndeterminate() {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ width: '100%' }}>
      <LinearProgress />
    </Box>
  );
}

```

### Linear color

```tsx
import Stack from '@mui/material/Stack';
import LinearProgress from '@mui/material/LinearProgress';

export default function LinearColor() {
  return (
    <Stack sx={{ width: '100%', color: 'grey.500' }} spacing={2}>
      <LinearProgress color="secondary" />
      <LinearProgress color="success" />
      <LinearProgress color="inherit" />
    </Stack>
  );
}

```

### Linear determinate

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import LinearProgress from '@mui/material/LinearProgress';

export default function LinearDeterminate() {
  const [progress, setProgress] = React.useState(0);

  React.useEffect(() => {
    const timer = setInterval(() => {
      setProgress((oldProgress) => {
        if (oldProgress === 100) {
          return 0;
        }
        const diff = Math.random() * 10;
        return Math.min(oldProgress + diff, 100);
      });
    }, 500);

    return () => {
      clearInterval(timer);
    };
  }, []);

  return (
    <Box sx={{ width: '100%' }}>
      <LinearProgress variant="determinate" value={progress} />
    </Box>
  );
}

```

### Linear buffer

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import LinearProgress from '@mui/material/LinearProgress';

export default function LinearBuffer() {
  const [progress, setProgress] = React.useState(0);
  const [buffer, setBuffer] = React.useState(10);

  const progressRef = React.useRef(() => {});
  React.useEffect(() => {
    progressRef.current = () => {
      if (progress === 100) {
        setProgress(0);
        setBuffer(10);
      } else {
        setProgress(progress + 1);
        if (buffer < 100 && progress % 5 === 0) {
          const newBuffer = buffer + 1 + Math.random() * 10;
          setBuffer(newBuffer > 100 ? 100 : newBuffer);
        }
      }
    };
  });

  React.useEffect(() => {
    const timer = setInterval(() => {
      progressRef.current();
    }, 100);

    return () => {
      clearInterval(timer);
    };
  }, []);

  return (
    <Box sx={{ width: '100%' }}>
      <LinearProgress variant="buffer" value={progress} valueBuffer={buffer} />
    </Box>
  );
}

```

### Linear with label

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import LinearProgress, { LinearProgressProps } from '@mui/material/LinearProgress';
import Typography from '@mui/material/Typography';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';

function LinearProgressWithLabel(props: LinearProgressProps & { value: number }) {
  return (
    <Box sx={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center' }}>
      <Box sx={{ width: '100%', mr: 1 }}>
        <LinearProgress variant="determinate" {...props} />
      </Box>
      <Box sx={{ minWidth: 35 }}>
        <Typography
          variant="body2"
          sx={{ color: 'text.secondary' }}
        >{`${Math.round(props.value)}%`}</Typography>
      </Box>
    </Box>
  );
}

export default function LinearWithValueLabel() {
  const [progress, setProgress] = React.useState(10);

  React.useEffect(() => {
    const timer = setInterval(() => {
      setProgress((prevProgress) => (prevProgress >= 100 ? 10 : prevProgress + 10));
    }, 800);
    return () => {
      clearInterval(timer);
    };
  }, []);

  return (
    <Box sx={{ width: '100%' }}>
      <LinearProgressWithLabel value={progress} />
    </Box>
  );
}

```

## Non-standard ranges

The progress components accept a value in the range 0 - 100. This simplifies things for screen-reader users, where these are the default min / max values. Sometimes, however, you might be working with a data source where the values fall outside this range. Here's how you can easily transform a value in any range to a scale of 0 - 100:

```jsx
// MIN = Minimum expected value
// MAX = Maximum expected value
// Function to normalise the values (MIN / MAX could be integrated)
const normalise = (value) => ((value - MIN) * 100) / (MAX - MIN);

// Example component that utilizes the `normalise` function at the point of render.
function Progress(props) {
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <CircularProgress variant="determinate" value={normalise(props.value)} />
      <LinearProgress variant="determinate" value={normalise(props.value)} />
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}
```

## Customization

Here are some examples of customizing the component.
You can learn more about this in the [overrides documentation page](/material-ui/customization/how-to-customize/).

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import { styled } from '@mui/material/styles';
import Stack from '@mui/material/Stack';
import CircularProgress, {
  circularProgressClasses,
  CircularProgressProps,
} from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import LinearProgress, { linearProgressClasses } from '@mui/material/LinearProgress';

const BorderLinearProgress = styled(LinearProgress)(({ theme }) => ({
  height: 10,
  borderRadius: 5,
  [`&.${linearProgressClasses.colorPrimary}`]: {
    backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[200],
    ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
      backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey[800],
    }),
  },
  [`& .${linearProgressClasses.bar}`]: {
    borderRadius: 5,
    backgroundColor: '#1a90ff',
    ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
      backgroundColor: '#308fe8',
    }),
  },
}));

// Inspired by the former Facebook spinners.
function FacebookCircularProgress(props: CircularProgressProps) {
  return (
    <CircularProgress
      variant="indeterminate"
      disableShrink
      enableTrackSlot
      sx={(theme) => ({
        color: '#1a90ff',
        animationDuration: '550ms',
        [`& .${circularProgressClasses.circle}`]: {
          strokeLinecap: 'round',
        },
        [`& .${circularProgressClasses.track}`]: {
          opacity: 1,
          stroke: (theme.vars || theme).palette.grey[200],
          ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
            stroke: (theme.vars || theme).palette.grey[800],
          }),
        },
        ...theme.applyStyles('dark', {
          color: '#308fe8',
        }),
      })}
      size={40}
      thickness={4}
      {...props}
    />
  );
}

// From https://github.com/mui/material-ui/issues/9496#issuecomment-959408221
function GradientCircularProgress() {
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <svg width={0} height={0}>
        <defs>
          <linearGradient id="my_gradient" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="0%" y2="100%">
            <stop offset="0%" stopColor="#e01cd5" />
            <stop offset="100%" stopColor="#1CB5E0" />
          </linearGradient>
        </defs>
      </svg>
      <CircularProgress sx={{ 'svg circle': { stroke: 'url(#my_gradient)' } }} />
    </React.Fragment>
  );
}
export default function CustomizedProgressBars() {
  return (
    <Stack spacing={2} sx={{ flexGrow: 1 }}>
      <FacebookCircularProgress />
      <GradientCircularProgress />
      <br />
      <BorderLinearProgress variant="determinate" value={50} />
    </Stack>
  );
}

```

## Delaying appearance

There are [3 important limits](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/response-times-3-important-limits/) to know around response time.
The ripple effect of the `ButtonBase` component ensures that the user feels that the UI is reacting instantaneously.
Normally, no special feedback is necessary during delays of more than 0.1 but less than 1.0 second.
After 1.0 second, you can display a loader to keep user's flow of thought uninterrupted.

```tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
import Fade from '@mui/material/Fade';
import Button from '@mui/material/Button';
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
import Typography from '@mui/material/Typography';

export default function DelayingAppearance() {
  const [loading, setLoading] = React.useState(false);
  const [query, setQuery] = React.useState('idle');
  const timerRef = React.useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>(undefined);

  React.useEffect(
    () => () => {
      clearTimeout(timerRef.current);
    },
    [],
  );

  const handleClickLoading = () => {
    setLoading((prevLoading) => !prevLoading);
  };

  const handleClickQuery = () => {
    if (timerRef.current) {
      clearTimeout(timerRef.current);
    }

    if (query !== 'idle') {
      setQuery('idle');
      return;
    }

    setQuery('progress');
    timerRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
      setQuery('success');
    }, 2000);
  };

  return (
    <Box sx={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', alignItems: 'center' }}>
      <Box sx={{ height: 40 }}>
        <Fade
          in={loading}
          style={{
            transitionDelay: loading ? '800ms' : '0ms',
          }}
          unmountOnExit
        >
          <CircularProgress />
        </Fade>
      </Box>
      <Button onClick={handleClickLoading} sx={{ m: 2 }}>
        {loading ? 'Stop loading' : 'Loading'}
      </Button>
      <Box sx={{ height: 40 }}>
        {query === 'success' ? (
          <Typography>Success!</Typography>
        ) : (
          <Fade
            in={query === 'progress'}
            style={{
              transitionDelay: query === 'progress' ? '800ms' : '0ms',
            }}
            unmountOnExit
          >
            <CircularProgress />
          </Fade>
        )}
      </Box>
      <Button onClick={handleClickQuery} sx={{ m: 2 }}>
        {query !== 'idle' ? 'Reset' : 'Simulate a load'}
      </Button>
    </Box>
  );
}

```

## Limitations

### High CPU load

Under heavy load, you might lose the stroke dash animation or see random `CircularProgress` ring widths.
You should run processor intensive operations in a web worker or by batch in order not to block the main rendering thread.

<video autoplay muted loop playsinline width="1082" height="158" style="width: 541px;">
  <source src="/static/material-ui/react-components/progress-heavy-load.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
</video>

When it's not possible, you can leverage the `disableShrink` prop to mitigate the issue.
See [this issue](https://github.com/mui/material-ui/issues/10327).

```tsx
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';

export default function CircularUnderLoad() {
  return <CircularProgress disableShrink />;
}

```

### High frequency updates

The `LinearProgress` uses a transition on the CSS transform property to provide a smooth update between different values.
The default transition duration is 200ms.
In the event a parent component updates the `value` prop too quickly, you will at least experience a 200ms delay between the re-render and the progress bar fully updated.

If you need to perform 30 re-renders per second or more, we recommend disabling the transition:

```css
.MuiLinearProgress-bar {
  transition: none;
}
```


# CircularProgress API

## Demos

For examples and details on the usage of this React component, visit the component demo pages:

- [Progress](https://deploy-preview-47808--material-ui.netlify.app/material-ui/react-progress/)

## Import

```jsx
import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
// or
import { CircularProgress } from '@mui/material';
```

## Props

| Name | Type | Default | Required | Description |
|------|------|---------|----------|-------------|
| classes | `object` | - | No | Override or extend the styles applied to the component. |
| color | `'inherit' \| 'primary' \| 'secondary' \| 'error' \| 'info' \| 'success' \| 'warning' \| string` | `'primary'` | No |  |
| disableShrink | `bool` | `false` | No |  |
| enableTrackSlot | `bool` | `false` | No |  |
| size | `number \| string` | `40` | No |  |
| sx | `Array<func \| object \| bool> \| func \| object` | - | No | The system prop that allows defining system overrides as well as additional CSS styles. |
| thickness | `number` | `3.6` | No |  |
| value | `number` | `0` | No |  |
| variant | `'determinate' \| 'indeterminate'` | `'indeterminate'` | No |  |

> **Note**: The `ref` is forwarded to the root element (HTMLSpanElement).

> Any other props supplied will be provided to the root element (native element).

## Theme default props

You can use `MuiCircularProgress` to change the default props of this component with the theme.

## CSS

### Rule name

| Global class | Rule name | Description |
|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| - | circle | Styles applied to the `circle` svg path. |
| - | circleDeterminate | Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `variant="determinate"`. |
| - | circleDisableShrink | Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `disableShrink={true}`. |
| - | circleIndeterminate | Styles applied to the `circle` svg path if `variant="indeterminate"`. |
| - | colorPrimary | Styles applied to the root element if `color="primary"`. |
| - | colorSecondary | Styles applied to the root element if `color="secondary"`. |
| - | determinate | Styles applied to the root element if `variant="determinate"`. |
| - | indeterminate | Styles applied to the root element if `variant="indeterminate"`. |
| - | root | Styles applied to the root element. |
| - | svg | Styles applied to the svg element. |
| - | track | Styles applied to the track slot if `enableTrackSlot={true}`. |

## Source code

If you did not find the information on this page, consider having a look at the implementation of the component for more detail.

- [/packages/mui-material/src/CircularProgress/CircularProgress.js](https://github.com/mui/material-ui/tree/HEAD/packages/mui-material/src/CircularProgress/CircularProgress.js)

# LinearProgress API

## Demos

For examples and details on the usage of this React component, visit the component demo pages:

- [Progress](https://deploy-preview-47808--material-ui.netlify.app/material-ui/react-progress/)

## Import

```jsx
import LinearProgress from '@mui/material/LinearProgress';
// or
import { LinearProgress } from '@mui/material';
```

## Props

| Name | Type | Default | Required | Description |
|------|------|---------|----------|-------------|
| classes | `object` | - | No | Override or extend the styles applied to the component. |
| color | `'inherit' \| 'primary' \| 'secondary' \| string` | `'primary'` | No |  |
| sx | `Array<func \| object \| bool> \| func \| object` | - | No | The system prop that allows defining system overrides as well as additional CSS styles. |
| value | `number` | - | No |  |
| valueBuffer | `number` | - | No |  |
| variant | `'buffer' \| 'determinate' \| 'indeterminate' \| 'query'` | `'indeterminate'` | No |  |

> **Note**: The `ref` is forwarded to the root element (HTMLSpanElement).

> Any other props supplied will be provided to the root element (native element).

## Theme default props

You can use `MuiLinearProgress` to change the default props of this component with the theme.

## CSS

### Rule name

| Global class | Rule name | Description |
|--------------|-----------|-------------|
| - | bar | Styles applied to the layered bar1 and bar2 elements. |
| - | bar1 | Styles applied to the bar1 element. |
| - | bar1Buffer | Styles applied to the bar1 element if `variant="buffer"`. |
| - | bar1Determinate | Styles applied to the bar1 element if `variant="determinate"`. |
| - | bar1Indeterminate | Styles applied to the bar1 element if `variant="indeterminate or query"`. |
| - | bar2 | Styles applied to the bar2 element. |
| - | bar2Buffer | Styles applied to the bar2 element if `variant="buffer"`. |
| - | bar2Indeterminate | Styles applied to the bar2 element if `variant="indeterminate or query"`. |
| - | barColorPrimary | Styles applied to the bar elements if `color="primary"`; bar2 if `variant` not "buffer". |
| - | barColorSecondary | Styles applied to the bar elements if `color="secondary"`; bar2 if `variant` not "buffer". |
| - | buffer | Styles applied to the root element if `variant="buffer"`. |
| - | colorPrimary | Styles applied to the root and bar2 element if `color="primary"`; bar2 if `variant="buffer"`. |
| - | colorSecondary | Styles applied to the root and bar2 elements if `color="secondary"`; bar2 if `variant="buffer"`. |
| - | dashed | Styles applied to the additional bar element if `variant="buffer"`. |
| - | dashedColorPrimary | Styles applied to the additional bar element if `variant="buffer"` and `color="primary"`. |
| - | dashedColorSecondary | Styles applied to the additional bar element if `variant="buffer"` and `color="secondary"`. |
| - | determinate | Styles applied to the root element if `variant="determinate"`. |
| - | indeterminate | Styles applied to the root element if `variant="indeterminate"`. |
| - | query | Styles applied to the root element if `variant="query"`. |
| - | root | Styles applied to the root element. |

## Source code

If you did not find the information on this page, consider having a look at the implementation of the component for more detail.

- [/packages/mui-material/src/LinearProgress/LinearProgress.js](https://github.com/mui/material-ui/tree/HEAD/packages/mui-material/src/LinearProgress/LinearProgress.js)